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简述具体劳动和抽象劳动的关系。

问答题
2022-01-02 01:21
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正确答案
具体劳动与抽象劳动之间存在着矛盾统一的关系。首先,具体劳动和抽象劳动在时间上和空间上是统一的。商品生产者在从事具体劳动的同时,也就支出了抽象劳动。具体劳动和抽象劳动不是两次劳动,更不是两种劳动,而是生产商品的同一劳动过程的两个不同方面。其次,具体劳动和抽象劳动又存在差别和矛盾。一是具体劳动是从劳动的有用效果来看的劳动,抽象劳动则是抽去了劳动的有用性的一般人类劳动。二是具体劳动在质上不同,因而在量上不能比较;抽象劳动在质上相同,只有量的差别。三是具体劳动反映的是人与自然之间的关系,是劳动的自然属性,是一切社会形态都存在的永恒的范畴;抽象劳动则体现着商品生产者之间的经济关系,是劳动的社会属性,是商品经济特有的历史范畴。四是具体劳动是生产使用价值的劳动,但它不是使用价值的唯一源泉,配第说:“土地为财富之母,而劳动则为财富之父”,抽象劳动是创造价值的劳动,它是形成价值的唯一源泉。具体劳动与抽象劳动的矛盾是与使用价值和价值的矛盾相联系的。只有在交换过程中,商品的使用价值转让出去,商品的价值得到实现以后,生产商品的具体劳动才能为社会所承认,生产商品的抽象劳动才能被还原,具体劳动与抽象劳动的矛盾才能得到解决。

试题解析
本题考查生产商品的劳动二重性

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