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马弁、武弁指的什么人?

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2022-01-02 07:29
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弁(biàn)是古代一种尊贵的冠,为男子穿礼服时所戴,即吉礼之服用冕,通常礼服用弁。弁制出商周,主要有爵弁、皮弁、韦弁三种。爵弁用于祭祀,是为文冠。它是没有上延的冕,其形广八寸,长一尺二寸,前小后大,用极细的葛布或丝帛做成,色似雀头赤而微黑。皮弁用于田猎战伐,是为武冠。它以白鹿皮做成,形制似两掌相合,上锐下广,其各个缝合处缀有一行行玉石,称为“璂(qí)”,同时,为区分等级,天子以下皮弁之璂逐次递减。韦弁为天子诸侯大夫兵事服饰,用熟皮制成,浅朱色,制如皮弁。由汉至明,弁的形制虽有差异,但始终是礼服的主要内容之一。
由于古代武官戴皮弁,后来,“武弁”专指低级武官。至于“马弁”,原也指低级武官,后专指当官的身边所带随从,特别是骑马的随从。


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