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四大发明中,出现于汉代的有几项?

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2021-07-19 08:04
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正确答案
造纸术的发明    东汉元兴元年 (105) ,蔡伦在前人造纸术的基础上,改革和推广了造纸技术。新的造纸术使旧的不便书写的麻纸变成了至今大致结构没有改变的良纸工艺。    在蔡伦造纸术出现之前,在中国,商代用甲骨,西周用青铜器,春秋时用竹简、木牍、缣帛作为记事材料。汉代,农业发达,经济繁荣,国力强盛,文化事业蓬勃发展。笨重的竹简和昂贵的缣帛已不能满足人们的需求,寻求新的书写材料已成为时势所趋,造纸术就因此应运而生。   

20世纪中叶以来在新疆、陕西、甘肃等地出土的麻质古纸,专家确认为西汉麻纸的片状纤维物,说明造纸术可能出现在蔡伦之前,而且可能与人们对纺织用麻的处理过程有关。但这些西汉麻质古纸上都没有发现可以辨识的书写文字,加上对化验分析结果解释不同,对西汉是否已出现了造纸术中术界尚有很大争议。闪此《后汉书·蔡伦传》对蔡伦发明造纸术的记载,是迄今为止有时间和人物的准确记载造纸术的最早记录,广为人们承认。


试题解析
造纸术的发明    东汉元兴元年 (105) ,蔡伦在前人造纸术的基础上,改革和推广了造纸技术。新的造纸术使旧的不便书写的麻纸变成了至今大致结构没有改变的良纸工艺。    在蔡伦造纸术出现之前,在中国,商代用甲骨,西周用青铜器,春秋时用竹简、木牍、缣帛作为记事材料。汉代,农业发达,经济繁荣,国力强盛,文化事业蓬勃发展。笨重的竹简和昂贵的缣帛已不能满足人们的需求,寻求新的书写材料已成为时势所趋,造纸术就因此应运而生。   

20世纪中叶以来在新疆、陕西、甘肃等地出土的麻质古纸,专家确认为西汉麻纸的片状纤维物,说明造纸术可能出现在蔡伦之前,而且可能与人们对纺织用麻的处理过程有关。但这些西汉麻质古纸上都没有发现可以辨识的书写文字,加上对化验分析结果解释不同,对西汉是否已出现了造纸术中术界尚有很大争议。闪此《后汉书·蔡伦传》对蔡伦发明造纸术的记载,是迄今为止有时间和人物的准确记载造纸术的最早记录,广为人们承认。


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