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试述农村合作思想。

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2021-08-02 10:01
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中国近代农业发展思想的另一个较值得注意的内容是农村合作思想。它主张农民及手工业小生产者在自愿、平等、互利的条件下联合起来,组成各种合作社,以对抗工商业垄断组织的压迫,并使自己能因这种联合而实现一定的规模经营。同手工业比较,农民更分散,距市场较远,交通运输条件更不便利,因而对多种形式的合作社更有需要。
在二十世纪二三十年代,合作思想曾风靡一时,鼓吹合作制的文献纷纷涌现,许多人下乡办合作社,各地农村办起了利用合作社、销售合作社、信用合作社、运输合作社等多种形式的合作社。热心合作运动的人,几乎把合作看作解决农村问题的唯一出路。
合作社在帮助小商品生产者减轻困难,实现某种规模经营方面有一定成效;但毕竟无力抗拒工商业垄断组织的强大势力,难以摆脱最终受垄断组织支配的命运。合作思想在中国近代虽然一度盛行,但在理论上也不过是宣扬国外现成的观点,而没有什么新的建树;在实践中又不以土地制度和农村社会制度的根本改变为前提,其无所作为并终于销声匿迹,是必然的。


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