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中立法

名词解释题
2021-08-31 03:45
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正确答案
20世纪30年代美国国会为防止美国卷入西半球以外的战争的立法。1935年8月美国通过第一个中立法,规定凡由美国或其属地之任何地点把武器及军事装备输往交战国港口,或输往中立国以转运交战国均违法,但不禁止其他物资包括战略物资出口。1936年2月底该法期满时,国会随即通过第二个中立法补充禁止向交战国提供贷款的条款。1937年又通过第三个中立法,除前两法内容以外又规定中立法适用于发生内战的国家,授权总统判定战争状态是否存在,而且可以禁止任何货物输往交战国。欧洲战争爆发前后,美国于1939年11月通过修正的中立法,废除武器禁运的条款,允许交战国在美国购买军火,但实行“现购自运”。新法案在武器和物资上支持了英法。后美提出的《租借法案》。中立法至此名存实亡。美国对德意日宣战后,中立法正式废除。
拿破仑
法兰西帝国缔造者,卓越的军事家,政治家。先后多次打垮了欧洲各个封建君主国组织的“反法同盟”,保卫了由法国资产阶级进行的法国大革命胜利果实,并在欧、非、北美各战场上,进行了对欧洲各封建国家的战争,削弱了欧洲大陆的封建势力。重要功绩还有他颁布了《拿破仑法典》,确立了资本主义社会的立法规范,至今还发挥着重要作用。

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标签: 世界史 历史学
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