翻译：With Average or With Particular Average（WA or WPA）（）

公共管理学作为一门新兴学科正式诞生于（）

管理学目前还只是一门不十分精确的学科，这主要是因为管理学作为一门新兴的学科，其发展历史还很短。但是，随着时间的推移，管理学也能发展成为一门比较精确的学科。

风险管理是一门新兴的管理学科，其是以（ ）为手段。

（）使教育学第一次独立于哲学等学科，教育学科开始逐步独立成为一门新兴学科

Every deliberate act of wrongdoing by the master or any of the crew against the ship or cargo，without the authorization or privity of the Shipowner or his agent，is（）.

（）, or drum is used for hauling in or letting out the wires or ropes which will fasten the ship to the shore.

A salvor may be（）the whole or part of the payment due under Salvage Convention to the extent that the salvage operations have become necessary or more difficult because of fault or neglect on his part or if the salvor has been guilty of fraud or other dishonest conduct.

The （） is used for hauling in or letting out the wires or ropes.

Vessels must be（）valid certificate of nationality or certificated of registry or license.

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。