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痰液检验

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2021-12-27 01:51
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正确答案

1.一般性状检查正常人痰液呈无色或灰白色。化脓性感染时呈黄色;绿脓杆菌感染时呈黄绿色;大叶性肺炎时呈铁锈色;急性左心衰时呈粉红色泡沫样痰;阿米巴肺脓疡时呈咖啡色。呼吸系统有病变时痰可呈黏液性、浆液性、脓性、血性。
2.显微镜检查(1)不染色涂片①红细胞:正常痰液无红细胞,脓性痰可见少量红细胞;②白细胞:正常痰液可有少量白细胞,呼吸道感染时可见大量白(脓)细胞;③肺泡巨噬细胞,见于肺淤血、肺栓塞和慢性肺出血患者;④寄生虫及卵:如肺吸虫卵和溶组织阿米巴滋养体;⑤夏科一莱登结晶:见于支气管哮喘和肺吸虫患者痰液;⑥柯什曼螺旋体:见于支气管哮喘和喘息性支气管炎患者。(2)染色涂片①脱落细胞检查:巴氏染色查肺癌细胞;②细菌检查:革兰染色可见许多致病菌;③分枝杆菌检查:抗酸染色及金胺O荧光染色。
3.病原体培养根据可能的疾病进行不同病原体培养,如一般细菌、结核杆菌、肺炎支原体、真菌及厌氧菌等培养。需要注意的是,厌氧菌培养需环甲膜穿刺取痰,由于存在口咽污染的可能性,痰液培养结果不一定反应下呼吸道感染情况。


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