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论述肉的成熟的特征及影响肉成熟的因素,结合生产实际说明肉成熟的重要意义?

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2021-12-30 15:08
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正确答案

肉成熟是指肉僵直后在无氧酵解酶作用下,食用质量得到改善的一种生物化学变化过程。肉僵硬过后,肌肉开始柔软嫩化,变得有弹性,切面富水分,具有愉快香气和滋味,且易于煮烂和咀嚼,这种肉称为成熟肉。
影响肉成熟的因素:
(1)物理因素:温度、电刺激、力学因素,促进成熟。
(2)化学因素:宰前注射肾上腺和胰岛素,加快糖代谢。
(3)生物学因素:添加蛋白酶使其软化。
人们的传统印象中,以为新鲜的肉有营养。其实,刚刚屠宰的肉,由于体内残存部分不利于人体吸收的物质,如果马上食用,是不科学的。这时应经过排酸过程来提高肉的品质。所谓的排酸,是指经严格执行检疫检验程序屠宰加工的胴体,在一定温度、湿度、无菌条件下,经72小时以上的成熟熟化过程。排酸使肌原纤维断裂,蛋白质结构松弛,赋予肉特有的风味,易于人体消化吸收,由于肉呈酸性环境,表面形成干膜,可以防止微生物的侵入。排酸后的肉食用更加安全卫生,肉质柔嫩,滋味鲜美。调查证实,发达国家长期保持着吃排酸肉的良好习惯,近年来随着饮食结构的调整,国内各大城市也都在提倡“吃排酸肉”的新时尚,排酸满足人们营养、美味、保健的健康需求。


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