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桁架结构的特点包括哪些?

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2021-12-31 23:26
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正确答案

桁架结构受力合理、计算简单、施工方便、适应性强,不会对支座产生横向水平推力,因而在结构工程中应用广泛。桁架常用来作为屋盖承重结构,也常称为屋架。
桁架的主要缺点是结构高度大,侧向刚度小。不仅增加了屋盖处的外墙的材料用料,而且增加了采暖通风负荷。
桁架的上弦受压、下弦受拉,由此形成力偶来平衡外荷载所产生的弯矩。外荷载所产生的剪力则是由斜腹杆轴力中的竖向分量来平衡。
因此,在桁架结构中,各杆件单元(上弦杆、下弦杆、斜腹杆、竖杆)均为轴向受拉或轴向受压构件,使材料的强度可以得到充分的发挥。


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