简述提高行政效率的途径。

简述测定行政效率的必要性。

传统的公共行政学是把效率和经济作为公共行政的两个基本原则和基本价值取向。

在公共行政领域，对效率的解释大致可分为两种基本类型，即机械性效率与社会性效率。

Every deliberate act of wrongdoing by the master or any of the crew against the ship or cargo，without the authorization or privity of the Shipowner or his agent，is（）.

（）, or drum is used for hauling in or letting out the wires or ropes which will fasten the ship to the shore.

A salvor may be（）the whole or part of the payment due under Salvage Convention to the extent that the salvage operations have become necessary or more difficult because of fault or neglect on his part or if the salvor has been guilty of fraud or other dishonest conduct.

The （） is used for hauling in or letting out the wires or ropes.

简述行政及国家行政的概念。

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。

新公共行政认为传统的公共行政有依附于效率原则的技术主义倾向，甚至把效率原则当作基本价值观。新公共行政提出许多替代与补充，其中（）是核心的概念。

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。