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论述培养创造性的基本原则。

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2022-01-04 14:18
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(1)协同性原则。学生创造性的培养与训练,应同日常教学活动及学生的其他活动协同进行,充分发挥创造性培养与训练同知识传授、能力培养、思维培养、个性品质培养等在教学目标、内容和方法等方面的协同效应,促进学生创造能力与创造意识、创造人治的协同发展,提高学生的综合创新素质。
(2)主体性原则。在学生的创造性培养与训练中,应当更多地把学生放在整个活动的主体地位,引导和启发全体学生自觉地、积极地、主动地参与到活动中来,培养他们的创造意识、主动参与创造和独立进行创造的精神。教师要善于激发学生主动地接受训练的热情,引导学生自觉性进行自我训练,自觉地去寻找各种有效的方法,尝试独立地解决问题。
(3)活动性原则。创造性培养与训练的最终目的,是让学生能更为有效地解决学习、生活和社会实践中的具体问题。因此,结合实际,在形式多样的发明、制作、实验、论文等各种科技创造活动或实际的科学研究活动中,进行创造性的培养与训练,让学生掌握实际操作能力,意义更为重大。
(4)整体性原则。人的创造性有它的多维度多层次的结构。学生的创造性的提高,不只反映在掌握了有效的创造方法上,还表现在创造性意识的增强、创造性动机的激发、创造性心理的完善、创造性人格的成熟、创造性能力的提高等方面。这些综合构成了一个人的创造性的整体结构。因此,从整体上去提高一个人的创造性要比让一个人单单掌握几种创造方法更加有价值。
(5)兴趣性原则。学生的创造性的培养与训练,要求教师善于创设活动情境,采取以趣激学、寓教于乐、趣中启智、丰富多彩的形式进行,使学生对创造性的培养与训练产生浓厚的兴趣,兴趣盎然地参与其中;在培养与训练过程中,教师还要善于创设和谐协调、合作竞争的心理氛围,使全体学生体验到成功的愉悦感,从而进一步激发学生积极进行创造活动的热情。


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