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一般情况下,同步电动机为什么要采用异步启动法?

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2022-01-04 23:55
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正确答案

转子加以直流励磁,产生极性固定的磁场。定子绕组通入三相对称电压而产生旋转磁场,并以同步转速转动。转子尚未转动时,两者相吸,定子旋转磁场欲吸转子转动,但由于转子的惯性,它还没有来得及转动时,旋转磁场又到了极性相反的方向,两者又相斥,所以平均转矩为零,不能启动。
为了启动同步电动机,一般在转子磁极的极掌上设有鼠笼式启动绕组,启动时先不加入直流磁场,同步电动机就和三相异步电动机一样在定子旋转磁场的作用下旋转起来,待转子转速接近同步转速时,再给转子通入直流电励磁,产生固定极性磁场,在定子旋转磁场和转子励磁磁场作用下,便可以把转子拉入同步,此后转子绕组与旋转磁场同步旋转,无相对运动,鼠笼绕组中便不产生电动势与电流。
另一种启动方式是变频调速法,即在低频下启动,再由低频逐步调至高频达到高速运转。


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