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论述我国古代民俗基本特点。

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2022-01-05 12:45
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古代民俗,指从夏王朝建立到鸦片战争之前这段期间的民俗。它可以大略分为两个阶段,汉末以前为一阶段,这是中国的主体民族—汉族的形成期,也是中国古代民俗系统的形成期。汉代以后为一阶段,这是中国封建社会民俗的发展与繁荣期。综观中国古代民俗,与史前民俗相比有几个显著的特点:
一是民族融合的规模远较史前时期为大,由此引起民俗的不断交流与同化的规模也大。例如从春秋战国到秦汉时期,随着封建社会制度的确立和大一统皇朝的建立,汉民族以华夏族团为主体,在与许多部落与民族的同化过程中形成,这一时期也成为了中国历史上规模最大的民族融合时期之一。
二是古代民俗无论如何变化,始终保持着以汉族民俗为主体的基本体系,反映了民俗活动顽强的传承性。例如辽、金、元三代的统治者虽非汉族,但入住中原后,却逐渐被汉族同化,遵行汉族风俗。
三是由于这时期有了相对于“民间”而言的国家组织,统治阶级本身也发展出了一套与“俗”相对应的“礼”,即官方礼仪。如周代官方礼仪制度在民间风俗及前两代发展的基础上形成,“礼”与“俗”已成为两个相互独立而又相互联系的行为规范系统。


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