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试述碳酸盐岩结构组分的主要类型、特征及成因意义。

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2022-01-08 18:09
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(1)颗粒:指在沉积盆地内由化学、生物化学、生物作用及波浪、岸流、潮汐作用形成的碳酸盐颗粒,它在盆内就地沉积或经短距离搬运再沉积而成。
①内碎屑:盆内弱固结的碳酸盐沉积物,经岸流、潮汐及波浪等作用剥蚀破碎并经过再沉积的碳酸盐颗粒。按粒度可分为:砾屑、砂屑、粉屑、泥屑。
②鲕粒:具有核心和同心纹层组成的球状-椭球状颗粒。真鲕、复鲕、表皮鲕、空心鲕等。
③藻粒:与藻类有关的碳酸盐颗粒。
④球粒:由泥晶碳酸盐组成,不具内部构造的次球状、椭球状颗粒,多与粪便成因有关。
⑤生物颗粒:各类生物骨骼及其碎屑。⑥团块:由多种碳酸盐颗粒构成的复合颗粒。
(2)泥晶基质:充填在颗粒之间,与颗粒同时经机械沉积作用形成的,粒度小于0.03mm方解石晶体。
(3)亮晶胶结物:充填在颗粒之间,从孔隙水中经化学沉淀作用形成的,晶体相对较粗和明亮,对颗粒起胶结作用的方解石晶体。
(4)生物格架:原地生长的造礁生物以其坚硬的钙质骨骼形成的骨骼格架,其间充填灰泥杂基、生物屑等。
(5)晶粒:经重结晶和交代作用形成的均一的碳酸盐晶体。按晶粒的大小可进一步细分为粗晶、中晶、细晶、粉晶和微晶


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