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试述干绝热过程、可逆湿绝热过程和假绝热过程的区别。

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2022-01-11 00:07
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正确答案

在绝热过程中,若讨论的是未饱和湿空气(无相变),这样的过程称为干绝热过程。假如在上升过程中是绝热的,全部凝结水都保留在气块内,当气块下沉时凝结的水分又会蒸发,仍然沿着绝热过程回到原来的状态,这个过程就是可逆的,称为可逆的饱和绝热过程或可逆的湿绝热过程,又简称湿绝热过程。与上述情况相反,如果在饱和气块上升过程中,凝结物一旦形成便全部从气块中降落,并带走一些热量(不过此热量极少),在气块下沉时必然会沿着干绝热过程变化,无法再回到原来的状态。这是一个开放系的不可逆过程,严格来说也不是绝热的,所以称为假绝热过程。


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