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简述杜威实用主义教育思潮对中国近代教育的影响。

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2022-02-23 06:22
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正确答案

20世纪初,大批赴美留学生回国,使以杜威为代表的美国实用主义教育思潮在中国的影响剧增。以反传统教育自居,并在世界范围的进步教育运动中有重大影响的实用主义教育思潮恰好为中国新文化运动批判封建传统教育提供了理论武器。如“教育即生活”、“学校即社会”、“从做中学”等,几乎成为教育界的口头禅。赫尔巴特的五段教学法通过日本传到中国,设计教学法、道尔顿制等也在中国加以推广。此外,智力测验和教育测验的做法也被引进中国。
所有这些,与传统教学方法相比,有着独特的长处和优点,在一定程度上迎合了当时教育界反对传统教学法的需要,克服了传统学科教学相互割裂、不能满足儿童个体生活需要及忽视儿童的个性发展的弊端。但同时也有很大的局限性。


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