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为什么要在结构或构件中建立预加力?先张法和后张法是如何在构件中建立预加力的?

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2022-03-03 19:56
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正确答案

在结构或构件中建立预加力可以充分发挥高强材料作用,减轻构件自重增加结构跨越能力,提高构件刚度减小使用荷载下挠度。
先张法是在浇筑混凝土前张拉钢筋,并将钢筋用锚具临时固定在台座或钢模上,然后浇筑混凝土。待混凝土达到一定强度后,放松预应力钢筋。当预应力钢筋回缩时,将压缩混凝土,从而使混凝土获得预加力。采用先张法时,预应力的建立主要依靠钢筋与混凝土之间的粘结力。
后张法是先浇筑混凝土构件,并在设置预应力钢筋的部位预留孔道,待混凝土达到一定强度后,在孔道中穿入预应力钢筋,利用构件本身作为施加预应力的台座,用液压千斤顶张拉预应力钢筋,并同时压缩混凝土。钢筋张拉完毕后,用锚具将钢筋固定在构件两端,然后往孔道内压力灌浆。采用后张法时,预应力的建立主要依靠构件两端的锚固装置。


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为什么要在结构或构件中建立预加力?先张法和后张法是如何在构件中建立预加力的?
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