首页/ 题库 / [问答题]试论述公共财政的职能。的答案

试论述公共财政的职能。

问答题
2022-04-02 12:01
查看答案

正确答案
在社会主义市场经济下,财政具有资源配置、收入分配、调控经济和监督管理等职能。

资源配置职能。是指将一部分社会资源集中起来,形成财政收入,然后通过财政支出活动,由政府提供公共物品或服务,引导社会资金流向,弥补市场缺陷,从而优化全社会的资源配置。在社会主义市场经济中,市场这只“无形的手”在资源配置中发挥基础性作用,政府这只“有形的手”主要在市场“失灵”的领域发挥作用。作为政府履行职能的重要手段之一,财政不仅是一部分社会资源的直接分配者,也是全社会资源配置的调节者。这一特殊地位,决定了财政的资源配置职能既包括对用于满足社会公共需要资源的直接分配,又包括对全社会资源的间接调节。

收入分配职能。是指政府财政收支活动对各个社会成员收入在社会财富中所占份额施加影响,以公平收入分配。在政府对收入分配不加干预的情况下,一般会根据个人财产多少和对生产所做贡献大小等因素,将社会财富在社会各成员之间进行初次分配。这种市场化分配有利于提高效率,但容易造成社会成员间收入差距过大,从而需要政府对市场初次分配结果实施再分配调节,促进形成合理有序的收入分配格局,维护社会公平与正义。财政的收入分配职能主要通过税收调节、转移性支出(如社会保障支出、救济支出、补贴)等手段来实现。

调控经济职能。是指通过实施特定的财政政策,促进较高的就业水平、物价稳定和经济增长等目标的实现。政府根据宏观经济运行的不同状况,相机抉择采取相应的财政政策措施。当总需求小于总供给时,采用扩张性财政政策,增加财政支出和减少政府税收,扩大总需求,防止经济衰退;当总需求大于总供给时,采用紧缩性财政政策,减少财政支出和增加政府税收,抑制总需求,防止通货膨胀;在总供给和总需求基本平衡,但结构性矛盾比较突出时,实行趋于中性的财政政策。

监督管理职能。在财政的资源配置、收入分配和调控经济各项职能中,都隐含了监督管理职能。在市场经济条件下,由于利益主体的多元化、经济决策的分散性、市场竞争的自发性和排他性,都需要财政的监督和管理,以规范财经秩序、促进社会主义市场经济健康发展。我国是以公有制为基础的社会主义国家,必须保证政令统一,维护国家和人民的根本利益,这就更需要强化财政的监督管理职能。


试题解析

相关题目
boost的意思是:help or encourage to increase or improve
eloquent的意思是:fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing

A campus emergency ______ occur at any time of the day or night, weekend, or holiday, with little or no warning.

A cabinet or space containing the controls or valves for the fixed firefighting system must be().
A cabinet or space containing the controls or valves for the fixed firefighting system must be().
CASE OF DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY TO A PERSON IN AN ACCIDENT OR SHIPPING DISASTER is().
Mainly east 3 or 4 partly cloudy to overcast occasional rain()slowly south moderate or good.
()any case or suspected case of quarantinable disease,or any case of eruptive disease or any death be discovered,the local quarantine officer must be notified immediately.
Should any case or suspected case of quarantinable disease,or any case of eruptive disease or any death be discovered,the local Quarantine Officer must be()immediately.
Damage to cargo caused by fumes or vapor from liquids,gases, or solids is known as().
Masters are()solely responsible for all damages or accidents of whatever kind resulting from the navigating or handling of their vessels by day or by night.
()means any person by whom or in whose name or on whose behalf a contract of carriage of goods by sea has been concluded with a carrier,or any person by whom or in whose name or on whose behalf the goods are actually delivered to the carrier in relation to the contract of carriage of goods by sea.
If he is a common carrier,he is absolutely responsible to the owner of the goods carried ()any loss or damage to them unless caused by an Act of God or the Queen’s enemies,or the inherent vice in the goods themselves,or the negligence of the owner of the goods,or a general average sacrifice.
系统中雷达状态包括Unknown、Operational(or ON)、Failed(or OFF)、Detached。
Owners are to be responsible for loss of or damage to the goods or delay in delivery of the goods only in case the loss,damage or delay has been caused by the improper or negligent stowage of the goods.This means that().
The carrier is liable for loss of or damage to the goods or delay in delivery caused by fire,()the claimant proves that the fire arose from fault or neglect on the part of the carrier,his servants or agents.
Shutdown price(or point,or rule) 停业价格(或停业点、停业原则)
翻译:With Average or With Particular Average(WA or WPA)()
()shall be liable for loss of and damage to the Vessel and/or goods arising or resulting from inaccuracies in stating the description,quantity,weight,measurement or contents.
Every deliberate act of wrongdoing by the master or any of the crew against the ship or cargo,without the authorization or privity of the Shipowner or his agent,is().
广告位招租WX:84302438

免费的网站请分享给朋友吧