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试用生理学知识解释有机磷农药中毒时的表现及其急救方法?

问答题
2022-04-02 14:56
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正确答案
有机磷农药可以抑制胆碱酯酶活性,使胆碱能纤维末稍释放的乙酰胆碱不能及时水解失活而大量积聚。积聚的乙酰胆碱在副交感神节后纤维和支配汗腺的交感神经节后纤维末梢发挥M样作用,产生广泛的副交感神经系统兴奋的表现。如支气管痉挛而出现的呼吸困难,以及瞳孔缩小、心率变慢、血压下降、流涎、大小便失禁等,同时出现大汗淋漓。积聚的乙酰胆碱在身体运动神经末梢和交感神经节前纤维发挥N样作用,产生骨骼肌颤动,脸色苍白等症状。针对上述,可以应用M受体阻断剂阿托品和胆碱酯酶复活剂解磷定、氯磷定等进行抢救。

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