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简述维管束的概念、组成、类型及特点。

问答题
2022-04-02 21:40
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正确答案
答题要点:由木质部、韧皮部和形成层共同组成的束状结构叫维管束。维管束由初生木质部和初生韧皮部所组成。其中初生木质部包括管状分子(导管分子或管胞),薄壁组织细胞和纤维。初生韧皮部包括筛分子(筛管分子或筛胞),伴胞(被子植物特有),薄壁组织细胞和厚壁组织细胞。根据初生木质部与初生韧皮部排列方式的不同,可将维管束分为三种类型:①外韧维管束,在裸子植物和被子植物茎中,维管束的初生韧皮部位于初生木质部的外侧,此型最为常见。②双韧维管束,初生韧受部在初生木质部的内外两侧,出现在木质部内侧的韧皮部,称为内生韧皮部,以此与外生韧皮部区别。如南瓜属的茎。③同心维管束,由一种维管组织包围着另一种维管组织。此种类型又可分为两种情况:一是木质部包围着韧皮部,称周木维管束,如菖蒲属;一是韧皮部包围着木质部,称周韧维管束,如真蕨类植物水龙骨属的根状茎。此外,被子植物的花、果实和胚珠的小维管束也有此种类型。

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