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论述编写教科书应该遵循的原则。

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2022-04-30 17:35
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正确答案
教科书又称课本,它是根据教学大纲(或课程标准)编制的、系统反映学科内容的教学用书。教科书是教学大纲的具体化。它以准确的语言和鲜明的图表等,明晰而系统地阐述教学大纲所规定的教学内容。教科书编写应遵循以下原则:
(1)按照不同学科的特点,在内容上体现科学性与思想性
教材的内容首先必须是科学、可靠的知识,是经过实践检验的客观真理。一般说,科学上尚未定论的东西不应当包括在教材内容之中。教材的科学性是基础,教材的思想应寓于科学性之中。要使学生能从科学的内容中掌握正确的观点,要使他们能把理论、事实、观点与材料紧密结合起来,使其在思想观点上有所提高。
(2)强调内容的基础性
在加强基础知识和基本技能的同时,教材还要有利于培养学生运用知识于实践的能力,对一些基础知识、基本理论要尽可能指出它们在科技、生产、生活中的效用性。其他如实验、练习题等应包括进去。还可因地制宜,编写一些乡土教材,以联系地方实际。教材还应处理好基础知识和先进科学成就之间的关系。小学课程讲的是基础知识,但基础知识并不是一成不变的。为了让学生掌握新的科学知识,教材内容到一定时候就必须去旧补新,把科学上的最新成果补充到内容中去,并以学生可以接受的形式反映出来。
(3)教材应具有适用性
在保证科学性的前提下,教材还要考虑到社会发展现实水平和教育现状,必须注意到基本教材对大多数学生和大多数学校的适用性。
(4)在教材的编排上,要做到知识的内在逻辑与教学法要求的统一
每门科学都有自身的系统性,编写每门学科的教材必须考虑到这门科学本身的内在逻辑。但是一门学科不是相应科学的缩写本,它必须把科学知识的系统性和教学法的要求统一起来,使科学知识在叙述和逻辑上得到合理的安排。
(5)教科书的编排形式要有利于学生的学习
教科书的内容阐述要层次分明;文字表述要精练、生动、流畅;篇幅要详略得当。标题和结论要用不同的字体和符号标出,使之鲜明、醒目。
(6)教科书的编排要连贯
教科书的编排要兼顾同一年级各门学科内容之间的关系和同一学科各年级教材之间的衔接,要做到连贯自然。

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