开放教育的课程考试由形成性考试和期末考试（终结性考试）两部分构成。

安全认证技术是什么？当前主要的安全认证技术有哪些？

Every deliberate act of wrongdoing by the master or any of the crew against the ship or cargo，without the authorization or privity of the Shipowner or his agent，is（）.

（）, or drum is used for hauling in or letting out the wires or ropes which will fasten the ship to the shore.

A salvor may be（）the whole or part of the payment due under Salvage Convention to the extent that the salvage operations have become necessary or more difficult because of fault or neglect on his part or if the salvor has been guilty of fraud or other dishonest conduct.

The （） is used for hauling in or letting out the wires or ropes.

Vessels must be（）valid certificate of nationality or certificated of registry or license.

When loading or discharging dry mud or cement，crew members should use goggles and（）.

Effects which are dutiable or subject to prohibitions or restrictions should be declared in （）.

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。

对称加密可以提供认证，那么为什么不直接使用对称加密法来提供认证而使用分离的消息认证码，以下选项列出了四种原因，哪一个说法是错误的（）

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。