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结合实际,阐述公共政策的基本功能。

问答题
2022-05-21 12:18
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正确答案

公共政策的基本功能有四种:
一、管制功能。通常采取两种办法来设定政策的管制功能:
1、条文规定使政策对象不能、不愿、不敢超出规范擅自行为,这是政策的积极性管制功能。
2、条文规定使政策对象发生违反规范的行为时,受到相应的惩罚,这是政策的消极性管制功能。
二、引导功能。为了解决某个政策问题,政府依据特定的目标,通过政策对人们的行为和事物的发展加以引导,使得政策具有导向性。
三、调控功能。政策的调控功能,指的就是政府运用政策,在对社会公共事务所出现的各种社会矛盾进行调节和控制的过程中所起的作用。它主要体现在调控社会各种利益关系,尤为重要的是物质利益关系上。
四、分配功能。这种功能需要回答三个方面的问题:将那些满足社会需求的价值或利益向谁分配?如何分配?什么是好的乃至最佳的分配?在通常情况下公共政策容易把价值或利益分配给与政府主观偏好一致或基本一致者、最能代表社会生产力发展方向者及普遍获益的社会多数者。


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