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请论述学前儿童对事物的理解的趋势。  相关试题:学前儿童理解发展的趋势是什么?

问答题
2022-05-21 15:27
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正确答案
儿童思维的发展表现为理解的发展。理解是指懂得了事物的本质。理解是逻辑思维的基本环节。儿童对事物的理解有以下发展趋势:
(1)从对个别事物的理解发展到对事物关系的理解
从儿童对图画和对故事的理解中,都可以看到这种发展趋势。儿童对图画的理解,起先只理解图画中最突出的个别人物,然后理解人物形象的姿势和位置,再后理解主要人物或物体之间的关系。儿童理解故事发展的过程是:先理解个别的语词,根据语词的信号使其相应的具体表象活跃起来;然后理解整个句子,掌握思想内容;最后,建立思想与思想之间的联系。
(2)从主要依靠具体形象的理解发展到开始依靠语词的理解
幼儿初期常常依靠具体形象甚至是实际行动来理解。随着年龄的增长和言语的发展,儿童逐渐可以不依靠图画而单纯依靠词的说明来理解事物。但是,语词说明必须是能够在儿童头脑中引起生动形象的。儿童在理解较困难的材料时,仍然需要图画辅助。
(3)从简单的、表面的理解发展到比较复杂的、深刻的理解
幼儿初期往往只理解事物的表面现象,难以理解事物的内部联系。
(4)从情绪性的理解发展到比较客观的理解
儿童对事物的情感态度,常常影响他们对事物的理解。这种影响在4岁前儿童中尤为突出。因此,儿童对事物的理解常常是不客观的。较大的儿童开始能够根据事物的客观逻辑来理解。
(5)从不理解事物的相对关系发展到逐渐能理解事物的相对关系
儿童对事物的理解常常是固定的或极端的,一开始并不能理解事物的中间状态或相对关系。随着年龄的增长,儿童才逐渐能理解事物的相对关系。

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