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简述齐云山的宗教文化。

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2022-05-25 01:46
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齐云山又名白岳,在安徽省休宁县城45公里处,道教活动颇为兴盛。齐云山作为道教圣地,始于唐代。据史料记载,唐朝乾元年间(公元758—760年),道士龚栖霞,云游至齐云山,隐居于天门岩修炼传法;虽无建迹,却留下道教遗踪。南宋宝庆年间(公元1225—1227年),道士余道元自黟北(黄山)游至齐云山天门岩,得潜师天谷子印记“宜我室此”,遂拜请于居士金安礼、金士龙,建佑圣真武祠于齐云岩。相传真武帝神像为百鸟衔泥塑立,显应于昭。此后云游道士纷至沓来,道教宫官日益增多,齐云山遂成道教名山。崇拜道教的居士信徒,纷纷献地输财,筑祠建观,香火日盛,道士渐增,从而创立了齐云山的道教基业。
明朝,“山岳效灵”,道教活动日趋兴盛,永乐十年(公元1412年)以后,宫观道房,次第落成;十八年(公元1420年),辟齐云观于齐云岩;宣德四年(公元1429年)建三清殿于拱日峰下。道士频繁往来于武当山,间或去武夷等山访师求学,以致齐云山宫殿建筑、道规道制,亦多仿效武当。正德十五年(公元1515年)养素道人汪泰元仿武当山建玉虚宫于紫霄崖,建静乐宫于桃花涧;其门徒方琼真继师志建榔梅庵,并往武当取榔梅树植之。武当亦名太和,齐云亦名中和,齐云山道教渐具规模,并成为武当山全真派的一个门派,故古人称之为“江南小武当”。明代中后期,齐云山道教进入鼎盛时期,嘉靖皇帝下旨醮建了“玄天太素宫”,齐云山从此更加声明远播。明嘉靖帝等多次派使臣来山朝拜,并且亲自为宫观撰写碑铭、匾额,一时成为道教正一派的活动中心,来自皖、浙、赣等地的香客达三千之众。

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