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八国联军侵华

名词解释题
2022-06-09 16:48
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二十世纪初,义和团的发展壮大引起外国侵略者的强烈恐慌。列强一面向清政府施加压力,要求它加紧镇压,一面准备直接出兵进行武装干涉。1900年5月底,俄英法美德意奥日八国不顾清政府的反对联合组织了军队,大量在天津集结。6月中旬,列强采取了新的侵略步骤,以清政府剿办义和团不力,并在海口布设水雷与各国为难为由,攻占大沽炮台,并进而向北京进军。虽然帝国主义出兵时一再向清政府表示它们的目的只是镇压义和团,而不是与清政府为敌,但列强的解释并不能消除其恐惧心理。清朝统治者担心列强会趁机结束其统治和瓜分中国。6月21日,清政府下令宣战,一方面在京津沿途进行阻击,在北京利用义和团攻打使馆区。另一方面,清政府还通过驻外使节向各国寻求和谈。8月中旬,八国联军攻入北京。1901年9月,清政府被迫签订《辛丑条约》,使中国进一步沦入半殖民地半封建的深渊。

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