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敦煌藏经洞

名词解释题
2022-06-19 11:43
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实际为莫高窟第17窟,位于第16窟甬道北壁,建于唐大中五年至咸通三年(851-862)间,是晚唐释门河西都僧统洪辩的影堂。平面近于方形,面积不大,覆斗形窟顶,窟高3米。公元11世纪初叶,当地僧俗将大量佛经、佛画、法器以及其它宗教、社会文书等秘藏于此窟,砌墙封闭窟口,并于壁面饰以壁画。藏经洞封闭的原因与时间,几十年来,众说纷纭。归纳其要者,一为避难说,二为废弃说。1900年6月22日被敦煌莫高窟下寺道士王圆箓在清理积沙时发现,有公元4-11世纪的佛教经卷、社会文书、刺绣、绢画、法器等文物五万余件。这一发现为研究中国及中亚古代历史、地理、宗教、经济、政治、民族、语言、文学、艺术、科技提供了数量极其巨大、内容极为丰富的珍贵资料。后经英、法、日、美、俄等国探险家的盗窃掠夺,藏经洞绝大部分文物不幸流散到世界各地,仅剩下少部分留存于国内。

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