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为什么蛋白质空间结构预测很重要,目前有哪几条途径用于从蛋白质的氨基酸序列预测其空间三维结构?

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2022-06-21 15:33
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蛋白质空间结构的预测很重要。研究蛋白质结构,有助于了解蛋白质如何行使其生物功能,认识蛋白质与蛋白质(或其它分子)之间的相互作用,通过分析蛋白质的结构,确认功能单位或者结构域,可以为遗传操作提供目标,为设计新的蛋白质或改造已有蛋白质提供可靠的依据,同时为新的药物分子设计提供合理的靶分子结构。
目前有三条途径用于从蛋白质一级序列预测其空间三维结构:
A、同源建模法。是蛋白质三维结构预测的主要方法。对于一个未知结构的蛋白质,首先通过序列同源分析找到一个已知结构的同源蛋白质,然后,以该蛋白质的结构为模板,为未知结构的蛋白质建立结构模型。前提是必须要有一个已知结构的同源蛋白质。
B、穿针引线法。需建立核心折叠数据库,在预测蛋白质空间结构时将一个待预测结构的蛋白质序列与数据库中核心折叠进行比对,找出比对结果最好的核心折叠,作为构造待预测蛋白质结构模型的根据。
C、从头开始法。在既没有已知结构的同源蛋白质、也没有已知结构的远程同源蛋白质的情况下,直接根据序列本身来预测其结构。该方法先对蛋白质及溶剂作近似处理,再建立能量函数,通过对构象空间进行快速搜索找到与某一全局最小能量相对应的构象。


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