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市场失灵表现在哪些方面?

问答题
2022-06-29 13:27
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正确答案

其表现有以下五个方面: 
(1)由于公共产品的特征决定了市场在提供公共产品方面是失灵的,这就决定了政府将提供公共产品纳入财政支出范围的必要性; 
(2)由于私人费用与社会费用之间或私人收益与社会收益之间的非一致性,即外部效应的存在,决定带有外部效应的产品在市场上,只能是过多或过少,从而导致社会资源配置的不合理。因此,政府有责任纠正外部效应的问题。 
(3)不完全竞争的存在与发展,产生垄断现象,最终导致整个竞争性市场的解体,这又决定了政府要承担起维持市场有效竞争的责任; 
(4)在市场经济条件下,由于人们所拥有的生产要素的数量及其质量的差异,存在收入分配不公现象,政府有义务利用包括财政等手段,解决收入分配不公问题; 
(5)对于失业、通货膨胀和经济的波动与失衡等会周期性的重复出现,单靠市场机制不可能自动平稳发展。这也需要政府运用财政手段,干预经济的运行,使其健康地发展。


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