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报酬递增与正反馈的形成原理?

问答题
2022-07-01 14:21
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正确答案

(1)正反馈理论与现代非线性物理的发展密切相关;
(2)经济学中的正反馈理论是一个对动态的经济过程的描述,它的主要内容是:
在边际收益递增的假设下,经济系统中能够产生一种局部反馈的自增强机制,这种自增强机制会使经济系统具有四个特征:
①多态均衡,系统中可能存在两个以上的均衡,系统选择哪一个是不确定的、不唯一的和不可预测的;
②路径依赖,经济系统对均衡状态的选择依赖于自身前期历史的影响,可能是微小事件和随机事件影响的结果;
③锁定,系统一旦达到某个状态就很难退出;
④可能无效率,由于路径依赖和受随机事件的影响,系统达到的均衡状态可能不是最有效率的均衡。
(3)产生这种自增强机制的原因通常是由于系统建立的成本高。
(4)简单来说,正反馈就是通常所说的“强者更强,弱者更弱”的“马太效应”。


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