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“文明的冲突将主宰全球政治,文明之间的分界线将成为未来的战线。人类在经历了君主冲突、民族国家冲突和意识形态冲突之后,将进入文明冲突的阶段。导致未来冲突的根本原因是‘文明的差异和冲突’,而不再是意识形态或经济因素。” “亨廷顿认为,西方与非西方冲突的根源在于军事、经济、社会制度的竞争和与基本价值观念及思想信仰有关的文化差异。未来国际政治的核心因素,将是西方与非西方的冲突。非西方社会希望走一条现代化但却不西化的道路。在可预见的未来,冲突焦点将集中在不屑加入西方的儒教和伊斯兰教国家与西方阵营间爆发的纷争。”——《参考消息》2003年3月 利用所学当代知识并结合哲学的一个或多个原理来评价亨廷顿的观点?

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2022-09-21 22:30
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正确答案
(1)国家与民族间的冲突很多都与不同的宗教文化背景有着密切的关系。因此亨廷顿的“文明冲突论”提出从文化视角分析国际政治现象,应该说还是有一定合理性的。文化和文明的确已成为影响国际政治发展的一个重要因素,甚至可能导致冲突,对此应予高度重视。
(2)我们认为,亨廷顿把文明视为国际冲突的最主要根源、文化差异必然导致文明冲突的观点,夸大了不同文明间的矛盾与冲突,严重违背历史与现实,其理论是形而上学的、片面的。
1、世界是多样性的。多种文明长期共存、取长补短、共同发展是人类历史发展的主线,是使世界充满活力和不断进步的重要推动力。人类数千年的文明史上,确曾发生过许多文明间的摩擦、碰撞和冲突,但它们并不是历史发展的主流,它改变不了时代的主题,也没有改变人类历史的发展方向。
2、从国际政治现实来看,国际上发生的各种冲突主要表现为不同民族和国家利益的冲突,其核心是国家的主权安全和经济利益。而各种冲突的触发点和表现形式则是多种多样的,如领土争端、资源争夺、权力失衡、宗教纷争、贸易摩擦等。文明差异也是产生国际冲突的诸多原因之一,但绝不是主要的,更不是决定性的因素。
3、不同文明间的差异是一种客观存在,但不能把文化信仰不同和宗教民族之间的利益冲突等同于文明冲突。各种文明都有自己独特的历史渊源、丰富内涵和表现形式,它们之间的差异正是文明多样性的体现,并不表明不同文明的高低优劣。亨廷顿把文明差异绝对化,将其置于民族国家、人民利益诸多因素之上,把西方文明与非西方文明冲突作为焦点,矛头直指儒教和伊斯兰国家,这实际上是冷战时期遏制理论的翻版。
(3)亨廷顿的“文明冲突论”带有明显的霸权主义和强权政治色彩,为西方特别是美国的文化扩张提供了理论依据,试图把西方特别是美国的文化价值观念强加于别的国家,再次表明发展中国家维护自身文化主权已成为国际政治斗争的新领域。

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“文明的冲突将主宰全球政治,文明之间的分界线将成为未来的战线。人类在经历了君主冲突、民族国家冲突和意识形态冲突之后,将进入文明冲突的阶段。导致未来冲突的根本原因是‘文明的差异和冲突’,而不再是意识形态或经济因素。” “亨廷顿认为,西方与非西方冲突的根源在于军事、经济、社会制度的竞争和与基本价值观念及思想信仰有关的文化差异。未来国际政治的核心因素,将是西方与非西方的冲突。非西方社会希望走一条现代化但却不西化的道路。在可预见的未来,冲突焦点将集中在不屑加入西方的儒教和伊斯兰教国家与西方阵营间爆发的纷争。”——《参考消息》2003年3月 利用所学当代知识并结合哲学的一个或多个原理来评价亨廷顿的观点?
逻辑运算符(AND、NOT、OR)的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。
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