首页/ 题库 / [问答题]心理学家曾作过一项实验,这项实验分两段进的答案

心理学家曾作过一项实验,这项实验分两段进行:第一段,向四组大学生介绍一个陌生人。对第一组说,这是一个外倾型的人;对第二组说,这个人是内倾型的;在第三组,先讲述这个人的外倾特征,后讲述他的内倾特征;在第四组,先讲述这个人的内倾特征,后讲述他的外倾特征。然后,让这四个组学生分别想象出对这个陌生人的印象。第一组和第二组学生得到的印象是显然易见的。在第三和第四组中,关于这个陌生人的印象完全符合提供信息的顺序,总是先提供的信息占优势。也就是说,第三组学生普遍把陌生人想象为外倾型,第四组普通把他想象为内倾型。第二段,给另外两级学生按上述第三和第四组同样的顺序描述一个人,所不同的是在先描述他的内倾或外倾特征之后,中间插做其他事情,如让学生作一些不太复杂的数学习题,然后再描述相反的性格特征。在这种情况下,最后描述的特征会使学生留下深刻的印象。试分析该实验所提示的心理效应。

问答题
2022-09-21 23:41
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正确答案
(1)该实验证明了优先效应和近因效应的客观存在。其中,第一段实验说明了优先效应的存在;第二段实验说明了近因效应的存在。优先效应是指一个人最先给人留下的印象有强烈的影响,它与第一印象的作用是相同的;近因效应则是指最后给人留下的印象具有强烈的影响。
(2)该实验不仅证明了优先效应和近因效应的客观存在,而且证明了两种效应发生作用的不同条件。一般来说,在感知陌生人时优先效应起着更大的作用;而在感知熟悉的人时,如果在熟悉的人的行为上出现某种新异的表现,则近因效应起更大的作用。

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