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简述社会心理学家勒温提出的组织变革力场分析方法,并利用这一模式简要分析变革的过程。

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2023-02-02 21:43
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正确答案

社会心理学家库尔特•勒温提出了组织变革力场分析的方法。这种方法为管理人员提供了一个很有用的行动方向。勒温认为,变革不是一种静止的状态,而是不同方面的力相互作用的结果,是一种动态平衡。任何一种状态均是一部分变革的阻力,要求保持原来的固有状态,而另一部分却是推动变革的动力,反对那些阻力。一种阻力经常会抵消好几种变革压力的效果。
为开创变革的局面,管理者必须调整现实力量的平衡。管理者可以通过下述方法开创变革的局面:增大变革压力的强度;降低阻力的强度或稳定性,把阻力转移;改变力量的方向,也就是说把变革的阻力变为变革的压力(推动力)。
利用这一模式来理解变革的过程:要求管理者分析当前的环境;了解各种有关力量;了解到哪些因素是可以改变的,哪些因素是不能变动的。
但是,有时增加变革的压力过大也会出现物极必反的结果。所以管理者应全面地了解变革的阻力和压力的相互作用关系,才能保持系统的稳定而不致达到爆炸的地步。


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