There are two general approaches to attacking a （ ）encryption scheme.The first attack is known as cryptanalysis.Cryptanalytic attacks rely on the nature of the algorithm plus perhaps some knowledge of the general characteristics of the （ ） or even some sample plaintext-ciphertext pairs. This type of （ ） exploits the characteristics of the algorithm to attempt to deduce a specific plaintext or to deduce the key being used. If the attack succeeds in deducing the key, the effect is catastrophic: All future and past messages encrypted with that key are compromised. The second method, known as the （ ）-force attack, is to try every possible key on a piece of （ ） until an intelligible translation into plaintext is obtained. On average, half of all possible keys must be tried to achieve success.

（）anything provided for in Clause 7 and 8 of this bill of lading and subject to Clause 17，if it can be proved where the loss or damage occurred the carrier and the merchant shall，as to the liability of the carrier，be entitled to require such liability to be determined by the provisions contained in any relevant international convention or national law.

Some of the energy fed into the pump will be dissipated as （） due to mechanical inefficiencies, the remainder will be converted into pressure rise and fluid velocity.

If in any doubt as to the pilot’s actions or intentions，the officer in charge of the navigational watch shall（）.

The bill of lading serves as a document of title enabling the goods to be transferred from the shipper to the consignee or any other party by endorsement.The（）can not be transferred to the third parties by endorsement.

A customer is trying to determine which client to deploy. The customer wants to be able to perform Layer 2 authentication as well as connect to the Junos Pulse Secure Access Service.Which client should the customer deploy?（）

nder the law of competition, the employer of thousands is forced into the strictest economies, among which the rates paid to labor figure prominently. The price which society pays for t he law, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is great, but the advantages of this law are also greater than its cost—for it is to this law that we owe our wonderful material development, which brings improved conditions in its train. But, whether the law be benign or not, we cannot evade it；or the effect of any new substitutes for it proposed We can not be sure: and while the law may be sometimes hard for the individual, it is best for the race, because it insures the survival of the fittest in every department. We accept and welcome, therefore. as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment；the concentration of business, industrial and commercial, in the hands of a few；and the law of competition between these, as being not only beneficial, but essential to the future progress of the race.

a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project．

According to the passage, some people started a national association so as to _____.

（） system is arranged to ensure that water can be drawn from any tank or the sea and discharged to any other tank or the sea as required to trim the vessel.

Practice 10　　(1) Advertisement can be thought of “as the making known in order to buy or sell goods or services.” Advertisement aims to increase people’s awareness and arouse interest. It tries to inform and to persuade. (2) There can be no doubt that the growth in advertisement is one of the most striking features of the western world in this century.

There（）to be some doubt as to the law governing a contract for through carriage partly by land and partly by sea.