直流斩波调速系统在回馈电流可控的回馈发电制动时，直流电动机的反电势（）直流电源的电压。

采用转速闭环转差频率控制的变频调速系统和转速闭环矢量变换控制的变频调速系统，可获得与直流电动机闭环调速系统相似的性能，因而可以取代直流调速系统。

请从系统组成、功用、工作原理、特性等方面比较PWM可逆直流调速系统与晶闸管可逆直流调速系统的异同点。

在α＝β配合控制的直流可逆调速系统中，存在的是直流平均环流，可用（）抑制。

Every deliberate act of wrongdoing by the master or any of the crew against the ship or cargo，without the authorization or privity of the Shipowner or his agent，is（）.

（）, or drum is used for hauling in or letting out the wires or ropes which will fasten the ship to the shore.

A salvor may be（）the whole or part of the payment due under Salvage Convention to the extent that the salvage operations have become necessary or more difficult because of fault or neglect on his part or if the salvor has been guilty of fraud or other dishonest conduct.

The （） is used for hauling in or letting out the wires or ropes.

Vessels must be（）valid certificate of nationality or certificated of registry or license.

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。

●设AND、OR和NOT分别表示按位与、按位或和按位求反运算，且X=10011011，Y=01111010，Z=11101000，则(NOT(X) AND Y)= (9) ， (Y OR NOT(Z))= (10) 。10011011011110101110100001100000(10)

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。