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如何得到一张地震水平叠加时间剖面?地震水平叠加剖面有何特点?如何提高地震水平叠加剖面的质量?

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2021-12-27 22:27
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正确答案

将不同接收点接收到的来自地下同一个反射点的不同激发的信号,经过动校正后叠加起来即可得到水平地震叠加剖面,其主要特点有:
1、在测线上同一点,根据钻井资料得到的地质剖面上的地层分界面,与时间剖面上的反射波同相轴在数量上、出现位置上,常常不是一一对应的。
2、时间剖面的纵坐标是双程旅行时t0。
3、反射波振幅、同相轴及波形本身包含了地下地层的构造和岩性信息,如振幅的强弱与地层结构、介质参数密切相关。
4、地震剖面上的反射波是由多个地层分界面上振幅有大有小、极性有正有负、到达时间有先有后的反射子波叠加、复合的结果。而复合子波的形成取决于地下地层结构的稳定性,如薄层厚度、岩性、砂泥岩比等。
5、水平叠加剖面上常出现各种特殊波,如绕射波、断面波、回转波、侧面波等,这些波的同相轴形态并不表示真是的地质形态采用高精度静校正和动校正,叠后或叠前偏移处理可以提高水平叠加剖面质量。


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