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简述地基沉降的组成及各部分的特点。

问答题
2021-12-30 00:23
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正确答案

瞬时沉降、固结沉降、次固结沉降
特点:瞬时沉降是指加荷后立即发生沉降。这时的地基变形主要为体积不变的剪切变形。
固结沉降是指荷载压力作用下,由于地基土的结构骨架受力压缩,使孔隙中水排出体积压缩引起的部分沉降。特点:沉降不是加荷后立即产生,而是随荷载作用时间的延续逐步发展,直到由荷载引起土中的孔隙水压力全部消散,并转化成作用于土骨架上的有效应力为止。
次固结沉降指在荷载长期持续作用下,作用于土骨架上的有效压力使土结构矿物颗粒间接触点产生剪切蠕变,水膜进一步减薄,骨架进一步压缩,导致孔隙体积进一步压缩而产生的沉降。
特点:随着荷载长期持续作用下逐渐发展,并与土的结构性质、结构强度和荷载压力大小有关。


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