［A］ For example, the Moche lords of Sipán in coastal Peru were buried in about AD 400 in fine cotton dress and with exquisite ornaments of bead, gold, and silver. Few burials rival their lavish sepulchres. Being able to trace the development of such rituals over thousands of years has added to our understanding of the development of human intellect and spirit.
A、［B］ By 40,000 years ago people could be found hunting and gathering food across most of the regions of Africa. Populations in different regions employed various technological developments in adapting to their different environments and climates.
B、［C］ Archaeological studies have also provided much information about the people who first arrived in the Americas over 12,000 years ago.
C、［D］ The first fossil records of vascular plants—that is, land plants with tissue that carries food—appeared in the Silurian period. They were simple plants that had not developed separate stems and leaves.
D、［E］ Laetoli even reveals footprints of humans from 3.6 million years ago. Some sites also contain evidence of the earliest use of simple tools. Archaeologists have also recorded how primitive forms of humans spread out of Africa into Asia about 1.8 million years ago, then into Europe about 900,000 years ago.
E、［F］ One research project involves the study of garbage in present-day cities across the United States. This garbage is the modern equivalent of the remains found in the archaeological record. In the future, archaeologists will continue to move into new realms of study.
F、［G］ Other sites that represent great human achievement are as varied as the cliff dwellings of the ancient Anasazi (a group of early Native Americans of North America) at Mesa Verde, Colorado; the Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the Andes Mountains of Peru; and the mysterious, massive stone portrait heads of remote Easter Island in the Pacific.
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试题解析
本题考查的知识点是：段落内一致性原则+词语的复现
本题的解答方法有两种：顺读法和逆读法。先看顺读法，文章首句是全文的主题句：考古学研究的时间很长，涉及到的主题也多种多样。第二句出现了特征词earliest，并将第一段的中心内容缩小为：最早的考古研究主题是人类起源。接下来的内容主要举例说明这方面的研究，如：人类祖先的化石残骸、最早的考古遗址。根据段落一致性原则，除非出现表示转折的逻辑词，空格处的内容应围绕这一中心内容展开论述。从内容上判断，只有［E］项正确。该项第一、二句提到人类足迹和最早的工具的使用，依然属于对于人类起源研究的范畴。此外，该项也出现了原词Laetoli的复现以及第二句some sites contain evidence of the earliest…与原文中的These sites contain evidence of the first…结构上的呼应。逻辑词also表明空格处填入的内容和上文是并列逻辑关系。［C］、［D］项出现了同义词的复现，即first对应原文中的earliest，［G］项复现了原词sites，但［C］项中的“到达美洲的人口”，［D］项中“导管植物”（vascular plants），［G］项中的“人类的伟大成就”显然都与空白处的上文无法衔接。
也可用逆读法，空格出现在一段末。其上文提到一些直立行走的两足动物（类似猿的早期人类），下文则提到最早具有现代身体特征的人类。因此空格处的内容也应该围绕人类展开论述，提到humans或其同义词的有［B］、［C］、［E］、［G］项。然后再根据段落内一致性原则，排除干扰项，得出［E］项正确。
