内力是由于外力作用构件内引起的附加力。

当材料承受外力作用时，内部产生应力，外力的增加应力也相应加大。

由外力引起的应力叫做（）。

内应力（）由外力引起。

当没有外力存在时，物体内部所存在的应力叫做内应力。

Every deliberate act of wrongdoing by the master or any of the crew against the ship or cargo，without the authorization or privity of the Shipowner or his agent，is（）.

（）, or drum is used for hauling in or letting out the wires or ropes which will fasten the ship to the shore.

A salvor may be（）the whole or part of the payment due under Salvage Convention to the extent that the salvage operations have become necessary or more difficult because of fault or neglect on his part or if the salvor has been guilty of fraud or other dishonest conduct.

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。

钢材所受的外力大于钢材本身的内应力时，钢材就全产生（）。

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。

由建筑物荷载作用在地基内引起的应力增量称之为（　　）。[2019年真题]