该项决策具有极大偶然性和随机性，又无先例可循且有大量不确定因素，其方法和步骤也难以程序化和标准化，这项决策就是（）。

该项决策具有极大偶然性和随机性，又无先例可循，且有大量不确定因素，其方法和步骤也难以程序化和标准化，这项决策就是（）。

可以在（）阶段采用Make-or-buy决策分析。

Every deliberate act of wrongdoing by the master or any of the crew against the ship or cargo，without the authorization or privity of the Shipowner or his agent，is（）.

（）, or drum is used for hauling in or letting out the wires or ropes which will fasten the ship to the shore.

A salvor may be（）the whole or part of the payment due under Salvage Convention to the extent that the salvage operations have become necessary or more difficult because of fault or neglect on his part or if the salvor has been guilty of fraud or other dishonest conduct.

The （） is used for hauling in or letting out the wires or ropes.

Vessels must be（）valid certificate of nationality or certificated of registry or license.

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。

●设AND、OR和NOT分别表示按位与、按位或和按位求反运算，且X=10011011，Y=01111010，Z=11101000，则(NOT(X) AND Y)= (9) ， (Y OR NOT(Z))= (10) 。10011011011110101110100001100000(10)

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。

例外决策，具有极大偶然性、随机性，又无先例可循且具有大量不确定性的决策活动，其方法和步骤也是难以程序化、标准化，不能重复使用的。这类决策属于________。