（） are individuals and organizations that are actively involved in the project, or whose interests may be affected as a result of project execution or project completion.

Goods are carried by several        of transport--on road or rail, by sea or air.

Quality planning tools are often used to help plan effective quality management activities . （）is one of such tools, which involves company actual or planned project practices to those or other projects to generate ideas for improvement and to provide a basis by which to measure performance.