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简述影响迁移的主要因素。

问答题
2022-01-03 16:40
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正确答案
(1)学习材料之间的共同要素或相似性 学习材料作为学生学习的对象和知识的主要来源,对学习迁移有着重要影响。 (2)原有认知结构 原有认知结构对迁移的影响表现在以下三个方面: ①原有经验的水平。学习者是否拥有相应的背景知识,这是迁移产生的基本前提条件。 ②原有经验的概括水平。原有的认知结构的概括化水平对迁移起到至关重要的作用。 ③原有经验的可利用性。要产生迁移,原有的经验结构必须能够被有效地激活、提取。 (3)学习的定势 定势在迁移过程中起到一定的作用,它对迁移的的影响表象为两种:促进和阻碍。 (4)学习态度与方法 当学生对学习活动具有积极的态度时,便会形成有利于学习迁移的心境,迁移就容易发生。反之,则不利于学习迁移。学习方法也会影响学习迁移,掌握了灵活的学习方法就会有助于学习迁移。 (5)教师的指导 教师有意识的指导也有助于学习迁移的积极发生。

试题解析
考察学习迁移的相关知识点。

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