How is the Master or operator of a vessel required to keep the crew informed of the regulations concerning the discharging of garbage overboard?（）.

Which of the following do not belong to the same type according to the manner or place of articulation?  

Navigational charts are （） frequent changes，the important one of which are promulgated by Admiralty Notices to Mariners．

（）is entitled to enter into，with a shipper，any agreement，stipulation，condition，reservation or exception as to the responsibility and liability of the carrier or the ship for the loss of or damage to，or in connection with，the custody and care and handling of the goods prior to the loading on，and subsequent to the discharge from，the ship on which the goods are carried by sea.

Whenever visible traces of oil are observed on or below the surface of the water in the immediate vicinity of ship or its wake，Governments of Parties to the Convention should，to the extent they are reasonably able to do so，promptly（）the facts bearing on the issue of whether there has been a violation of the provisions of this Regulation or Regulation 10 of this Annex of MARPOL 73/78.

The master may bind the Shipowner or Charterer（）doing such things as are necessary on the part of the one or of the other to carry out the contract.

Every deliberate act of wrongdoing by the master or any of the crew against the ship or cargo，without the authorization or privity of the Shipowner or his agent，is（）.

A salvor may be（）the whole or part of the payment due under Salvage Convention to the extent that the salvage operations have become necessary or more difficult because of fault or neglect on his part or if the salvor has been guilty of fraud or other dishonest conduct.

Jitter is an unwanted variation of one or more characteristics of a periodic signal in electronics and telecommunications and（）refers to call issues that cause variations in timing or time of arrival.

The objectives of the ISM Code are to ensure ①safety at sea②prevention of human injury or loss of life③avoidance of damage to the marine environment and to property

The objectives of（）are to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment,in particular to the marine environment and to property.

Any alteration of course and／or speed to avoid collision shall，if the circumstances of the case admit，（）to another vessel observing visually or by radar.