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简述轴心受拉构件的受力过程和破坏过程?

问答题
2021-12-31 21:32
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正确答案

第Ⅰ阶段——加载到开裂前
此阶段钢筋和混凝土共同工作,应力与应变大致成正比。在这一阶段末,混凝土拉应变达到极限拉应变,裂缝即将产生。
第Ⅱ阶段——混凝土开裂后至钢筋屈服前
裂缝产生后,混凝土不再承受拉力,所有的拉力均由钢筋来承担,这种应力间的调整称为截面上的应力重分布。第Ⅱ阶段是构件的正常使用阶段,此时构件受到的使用荷载大约为构件破坏时荷载的50%—70%,构件的裂缝宽度和变形的验算是以此阶段为依据的。
第Ⅲ阶段——钢筋屈服到构件破坏
当加载达到某点时,某一截面处的个别钢筋首先达到屈服,裂缝迅速发展,这时荷载稍稍增加,甚至不增加都会导致截面上的钢筋全部达到屈服。评判轴心受拉破坏的标准并不是构件拉断,而是钢筋屈服。正截面强度计算是以此阶段为依据的。


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