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简述关税的主要特点?

问答题
2022-01-01 15:17
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正确答案

关税是进出口商品经过一国关境时,由政府所设置的海关向进口商征收的税收。
①关税是一种间接税。关税的征收对象是进出口商品,其税负是由进出口商先行垫付,而后将其作为成本的一部分计入商品的价格,转嫁给最终消费者承担,因而关税属于间接税。
②关税的税收主体和客体是进出口商和进出口货物。即纳税人是进出口商,课税的对象是进出口货物。
③关税可以起到调节一国进出口贸易的作用。各国可以通过制定和调整关税税率来调节进出口贸易。在出口方面,可以采用低税、免税和退税的方式来鼓励商品出口;在进口方面,通过税率的高低、减免来调节商品进口。
④关税是一国对外贸易政策的重要手段。关税体现着一国的对外贸易政策,关税税率的高低直接影响着一国进出口贸易,影响一国同其他国家经济贸易关系的发展,从而影响着一国经济贸易的发展。


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