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简述中西方地方政府的重要差异。

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2022-01-02 09:04
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(1)组织机构:西方国家地方政府按照地方自治原则组织和建立,中国地方政府机构按照民主集中制原则组织和建立。
(2)行政机关性质:西方国家地方政府仅仅是地方的行政机关,中国地方政府既是地方国家权力机关的执行机关,又是国家的地方行政机关。
(3)政府机构组织管理方式:西方国家地方政府机构设置和人员编制可自行确定,有独立的财务管理权和人事管理权,其雇员不列入国家公务员序列,不存在工作调动。中国地方政府机构设置和人员编制由上级政府确定,地方财政是上级财政的组成部分,雇员属于国家公务员序列,重要人事任免需上级批准,工作人员柯横向或纵向调动。
(4)职能范围:西方国家地方政府较窄,主要承担部分地方性公共事务,管理经济的职能十分有限。中国地方政府比较宽泛,地方政府是处理地方公共事务的唯一中心,是政治统治中心。
(5)司法机关:西方国家地方政府独立于地方议会,中国地方政府对地方人民代表大会负责,受地方党委领导。


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