Structural stress on a ship can be reduced by（）.

Structural stress levels in a ship are the sum of loading stresses and stresses due to（）.

What are the two objectives in presenting a new structural item?

Ships are always（）on water and they are easy to rust.

（）is entitled to enter into，with a shipper，any agreement，stipulation，condition，reservation or exception as to the responsibility and liability of the carrier or the ship for the loss of or damage to，or in connection with，the custody and care and handling of the goods prior to the loading on，and subsequent to the discharge from，the ship on which the goods are carried by sea.

In ship construction，bulkheads in the quarters are generally（）.

The shearing stresses on a ship’s structure are usually greatest at（）.

A continuous watertight bulkhead on a ship is normally also a(n)（）.

When a tug is pulling on a hawser at right angles to the ship，and the pilot wants to come ahead or astern on the ship’s engine，care must be taken that the pilot（）.

Transverse frames are more widely spaced on a ship that is designed with the（）.

On the fully containerized ship，approximately one-third or more of the cargo is on deck above the rolling center. Top stowed containers are subject to（）.

Regulations require certain records to be retained on board for at least 3 months after a ship is involved in a casualty or until advised that they are no longer needed on board by the （）.