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湘军特点评述。

问答题
2022-01-03 01:37
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正确答案

与八旗、绿营和传统的团练武装相比较,湘军具有以下特点:
1、招募方式上的浓厚的乡土特色。湘军以湖南人为主。在湖南人中,又以湘乡人为主,构成一种典型的地缘和血缘关系。
2、以“营”为基本编制单位。湘军以营为编组单位,营以下设4哨,每一哨设8队,分别由营官、哨官和队官统领,营以上由分统和统领领导。除陆军外,另有水师和马队。
3、上下级隶属关系上的强烈私人色彩,特别是将领的隶属关系,多以亲友、师生等私人情谊来维系。不但如此,湘军还采用层层对应的拣选方法,营官由统领挑选,哨官由营官挑选,队官由哨官挑选,兵勇由队官挑选,这种强烈的私人隶属关系使主官听命于曾国藩,各级层层相属,宜于指挥。但同时也造成私家兵的弊端,容易导致兵权下移。
4、各级将领多由知识分子组成。湘军将领都为科甲正途出身士大夫构成,擅长思想控制且多有济世之才。
5、筹饷方式以自筹为主。主要有捐输、饷盐、厘金、协饷、提取关税、收取杂捐等形式,同时还往往倚靠战争中的劫掠。


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