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叙述马尔科夫链和隐马尔科夫链的异同点。

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2022-01-03 04:05
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正确答案

(1)相同点:是一个数学模型,是一种随机的过程,隐马尔可夫模型是马尔可夫链的一种,都是关于转移概率的模型,都可用来使用来分析蛋白质家族序列的模型。
(2)定义:
A.隐马尔可夫模型是马尔可夫链的一种,它的状态不能直接观察到,但能通过观测向量序列观察到,每个观测向量都是通过某些概率密度分布表现为各种状态,每一个观测向量是由一个具有相应概率密度分布的状态序列产生。所以,隐马尔可夫模型是一个双重随机过程----具有一定状态数的隐马尔可夫链和显示随机函数集。.马尔科夫链:是一个数学模型,是一种随机的过程,马尔科夫链的每一个环表示系统的一个状态.由前一个状态转变成现在状态的概率,仅由前一状态决定。这种转换包括往自身的转换和其他可能的转换,并且概率服从一定的分布。
B.马尔可夫模型当前状态的概率仅取决于前一状态,而隐马尔可夫模型只与当前状态有关,而与而与导致其成为当前状态的历史变换无关。C.马尔科夫模型多用于原核生物的DNA序列建模,而隐马尔可夫模型能很好地对真核生物DNA序列建模,实现了基因预测从原来单纯的编码序列的预测发展到了基因整体结构的预测。D.在马尔科夫链中每一个状态对应于一个可观察的事件,状态是已知的;而隐马尔可夫模型是对马尔科夫模型的推广,使得可观察的是状态的一个概率函数,而状态本身是不可观察的,所能观察到的是他的发散状态。


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