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巴纳德如何对组织定义?他所说的“组织”具有哪些要素和基本特点?

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2022-01-04 07:34
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⑴组织含义   巴纳德不是仅从物质或人的方面看待组织,而是从人与人之间的协作关系的角度来看待组织的。组织理论并不研究协作系统的各个方面,只研究协作系统的一部分----“组织”,即协作系统中的人的行为和人的协作关系,这样,他就通过使组织概念抽象化在很大程度上排除了物质因素。他没有简单地把组织理解为人的集团,而是将组织界定为“有意识地协调两个以上的人的活动或力量的一个系统”。 ⑵组织的基本特点  ①组织是由人的活动或效力即人的行为构成的系统②组织是一个系统,即按照一定的方法进行调整的人的活动和行为的相互关系。 ③组织是动态和发展的,即当系统中的一个部分同其他部分的关系发生变化时,作为整体的系统也要发生变化。。 ④组织是协助系统的一个组成部分,但两者糅合在一起,有时界限不太明确。 ⑤组织工作决不仅限于“组织内部”,对于一个组织来说,其“内部”协作关系和“外部”协作关系同等重要。 ⑶组织三要素:协作的意愿;共同的目标;信息交流


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